Union Homefront: A History in Documents | Department of History

UNION HOMEFRONT PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Wallace Hettle, a history professor at the University of Northern Iowa, compiled a collection of 61 primary source transcriptions related to the Union homefront during the Civil War. The Union Homefront: A History in Documents collects excerpts from letters, newspapers, poems, speeches, etc., along with brief introductions that examine the circumstances and biases of each source.

Professor Hettle wrote brief introductions that examine the circumstances and biases of each source. A period photograph, the source citation and the document are included in each entry. This Open Educational Resource collection is intended to be used by K-12 and higher education educators. The source materials are in the public domain. Most of the public domain images in the entries are from the Digital Collections of the Library of Congress with the rest of the images from Hathitrust and Internet Archive. The compilation with introduction of each entry has been assigned a Creative Commons Noncommerical 4.0 attribution license. This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the original work as long as they credit Wallace Hettle for the original creation.

CREDITS

The project editors made substantial contributions to the formatting, verification of source citations, and research of topics. In addition, all of the public domain images were selected by the project editors with approval by Wallace Hettle.

Project Editor - Ellen Neuhaus, Associate Professor & Digital Scholarship Librarian
Assistant Project Editor - Olivia Waller, Digital Scholarship Library Assistant IV

The image on the homepage is from the Library of Congress: Fish, G. G., Artist, Soule, John P, photographer. Hopes and fears / From the original by G.G. Fish; Photo. and pub. by J.P. Soule, Boston. United States, 1864. [Boston: Photo. and pub. by J.P. Soule] Photograph. https://www.loc.gov/item/2022630873/.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SITE

In this collection there are 61 entries covering the period of the Civil War (1861-1865). The source documents are arranged by the year. To browse all of the entries, see the records listed below which are arranged in chronological order.
OR
Click one of the years listed to retrieve the entries for the specific year of the Civil War.

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01. John Brown's Song - Anonymous (1861)

Anonymous and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Simonds, Phillip. John Brown’s Song. Boston: Russell & Patee, 1861, pg. 1-3.

Retrieved From: https://lccn.loc.gov/2023783905
02. A Riot in Baltimore (1861 - 3 documents)

Lucius Chittenden, Edward F. Jones (Colonel), George William Brown (Mayor), and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document 1 citation:

Chittenden, Lucius E. Recollections of President Abraham Lincoln and His Administration. New York: Harper & Bros., 1891, pg. 37-39.

Retrieved From: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000566606.

Document 2 citation:

Jones, Edward F. “Report of Colonel Edward F. Jones, Sixth Massachusetts Militia. April 22, 1861.” In The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records, Series 1, Volume 2, pg. 7-9, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1880-1901.

Retrieved From: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000625514

Document 3 citation:

Brown, [Mayor] George William. Baltimore and the 19th of April, 1861. Baltimore: Isaac Friedenwald, 1887, pg. 49-51.

Retrieved From: https://lccn.loc.gov/rc01003453
03. The Holy War - Harriet Beecher Stowe (1861)

Harriet Beecher Stowe and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Stowe, Harriet Beecher. “The Holy War,” The Independent (New York), May 9, 1861, pg. 1.

Retrieved From: https://archive.org/details/pub_independent
04. First Inaugural Address - Abraham Lincoln (1861)

Abraham Lincoln and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Lincoln, Abraham. “First Inaugural Address” March, 1861.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/mal0773800/
05. Morals of Our Soldiers - The Christian Recorder (1861)

Christian Recorder and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

W.H. “Morals of Our Soldiers,” The Christian Recorder (Philadelphia), August 31, 1861, pg. 4.

Retrieved From: https://archive.org/details/payneamec
06. Kentucky Civil War Neutrality Proclamation - Beriah Magoffin (1861)

Beriah Magoffin and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Magoffin, [Governor] Beriah. Proclamation by the Governor of Kentucky, May 20, 1861.

Retrieved From: https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r41g0m071.
07. The Vacant Chair - George Root (1861)

George Root and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Root, George F. and H.S.W. “The Vacant Chair” Chicago: Root & Cady, 1861.

Retrieved From: https://lccn.loc.gov/2023783845
08. The Land of Promise - Illinois Staat-Zeitung (1861)

Illinois Staat-Zeitung and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

“The Battle for Freedom and American Citizens of German Descent” Illinois Staats-Zeitung (Illinois), July 26, 1861.

Retrieved From: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008717782
09. The Pathfinder - John C. Fremont (1861)

John C. Fremont and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Fremont, J.C. “Proclamation from Major-General J.C. Fremont. August 30, 1861” in The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records, Series 1, Volume 3, pg. 466-467, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1880-1901.

Retrieved From: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000625514
10. A Union General and the Emancipation Solution - James Henry Lane (1861)

James Henry Lane and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

"Gen. Lane and his Solution of the Negro Question," New York (NY) World, November 19, 1861, p. 1.
11. Bread and the Newspaper - Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. (1861)

Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. “Bread and the Newspaper,” Atlantic Monthly (Massachusetts), September 1861, pg. 346-352.

Retrieved From: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1861/09/bread-and-the-newspaper/308748/
12. General William T. Sherman Faces a Crisis - Cincinnati Daily Commercial (1861)

Cincinnati Daily Commercial and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

“Gen. William T. Sherman Insane.” Cincinnati Daily Commercial (Ohio), December 11, 1861, pg. 2.
13. The Battle Set in Array - Henry Ward Beecher (1861)

Henry Ward Beecher (Reverend) and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Beecher, Henry Ward. Patriotic Addresses in America and England from 1850 to 1885, on Slavery, the Civil War, and the Development of Civil Liberty in the United States. New York: Fords, Howard & Hulbert, 1887, p. 277-288.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/14020036/
14. American Congressman Thaddeus Stevens (1862)

Thaddeus Stevens and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Stevens, Thaddeus. “Untitled. January 22, 1862” In The Congressional Globe: The 37th Congress - The Second Session, edited by John C. Rives, 439-441. Washington: Congressional Globe Office, 1862.

Retrieved From: https://www.congress.gov/browse/37th-congress
15. The Battle Hymn of the Republic - Julia Ward Howe (1862)

Julia Ward Howe and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Howe, Julia Ward. “Battle Hymn of the Republic,” The Atlantic Monthly (Massachusetts), February 1862, Vol. IX: No. LII.

Retrieved From: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/toc/1862/02/
16. Letter to Abraham Lincoln - Ellen E. Sherman (1862)

Ellen E. Sherman and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Sherman, Ellen E. Letter to Abraham Lincoln, January 9, 1862.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/mal1390400/
17. Transcontinental Railroad - Sioux City Register (1862)

Sioux City Register and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Bliss, P. “Pacific Railroad.” Sioux City Register (Iowa), January 18, 1862, p. 1.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/sn84031042/1862-01-18/ed-1/
18. Senator Samuel C. Pomeroy and Union Economic Growth (1862)

Samuel C. Pomeroy and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Pomeroy, Samuel C. “Untitled. May 7, 1862” In The Congressional Globe: The 37th Congress - The Second Session, edited by John C. Rives, 1938-1940. Washington: Congressional Globe Office, 1862.

Retrieved From: https://www.congress.gov/browse/37th-congress
19. The Prayer of Twenty Millions - Horace Greeley (1862)

Horace Greeley and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Greeley, Horace. “The Prayer of Twenty Millions.” New York Daily Tribune (New York), August 20, 1862, pg. 4.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/sn83030213/1862-08-20/ed-1/
20. Letter to Horace Greeley - Abraham Lincoln (1862)

Abraham Lincoln and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Lincoln, Abraham. “President Lincoln’s Letter.” New York Daily Tribune (New York), August, 25, 1862, p. 4.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/sn83030213/1862-08-25/ed-1/
21. The Proclamation and a Negro Army - Frederick Douglass (1862)

Frederick Douglass and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Douglas, Frederick. “The Proclamation and a Negro Army, Speech Delivered February 1863” in The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass Vol. 3, edited by Philip Foner, 321-337. New York: International Publishers Co., 1952.
22. The President’s Proclamation - Ralph Waldo Emerson (1862)

Ralph Waldo Emerson and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Emerson, Ralph Waldo. “The President’s Proclamation.” Atlantic Monthly (Massachusetts), November 1862, p. 638-642

Retrieved From: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1862/11/the-presidents-proclamation/306550
23. To the Editor of the New York Daily Tribune - Lydia Maria Child (1862)

Lydia Maria Child and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Child, L. Maria. “A Letter from L. Maria Child.” New York Daily Tribune (New York), September 5, 1862, p. 9.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/sn83030213/1862-09-03/ed-1/
24. What They Have to Do Who Stay at Home - Frederick Law Olmsted (1862)

Frederick Law Olmsted and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Olmsted, Fred. Law. “What They Have to do Who Stay at Home - October 21, 1862” In Documents of the Sanitary Commission Vol. 1, no. 50 p.1-12. New York: United States Sanitary Commission, 1866.

Retrieved From: https://archive.org/details/b20413257_0001
25. Telegram to Abraham Lincoln - John Pope (1862)

John Pope and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Pope, John. Telegram to Abraham Lincoln, November 11, 1862.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/mal1950700/
26. Six Weeks in the Sioux Teepees - Mrs. Sarah F. Wakefield (1862)

Sarah F. Wakefield Mrs. and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Wakefield, Sarah F. Six Weeks in the Sioux Tepees. Minneapolis: Atlas Print. Co., 1863.
27. The Indian Imbroglio, Abraham Lincoln, Don’t you do it! - Andrew J. Van Vorhes (1862)

Andrew J. Van Vorhes and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

“The Indian Imbroglio — Abraham Lincoln, Don’t you do it!” The Stillwater Messenger (Minnesota), November 11, 1862, p. 2.

Retrieved From: https://archive.org/details/jan1186123thes/page/n5/mode/1up.
28. Chiefly About War Matters, By a Peaceable Man - Nathaniel Hawthorne (1862)

Nathaniel Hawthorne and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. “Chiefly About War Matters. By a Peaceable Man.” Atlantic Monthly (Massachusetts), July 1862, p. 43-61.

Retrieved From: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1862/07/chiefly-about-war-matters/306159/
29. How a Free People Conduct a Long War - Charles J. Stillé (1863)

Charles J. Stillé and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Stille, Charles J. How a Free People Conduct a Long War. New York: Loyal Publication Society, 1863.

Retrieved From: https://archive.org/details/howfreepeople00stille
30. My Imprisonment - Rose O’Neal Greenhow (1863)

Rose O'Neal Greenhow and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Greenhow, Rose O’Neal. My Imprisonment and The First Year of Abolition Rule in Washington. London: Richard Bentley, 1863, p. 220-222.

Retrieved From: https://archive.org/details/myimprisonmentfi00gree/page/n7/mode/2up
31. Fancy Books - Private Circular. For Gentlemen Only (1863)

Anonymous and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Broadside Leaflet: Private Circular, For Gentleman Only, n. d.. n.p. 1870.
32. Copperhead - Clement Vallandigham (1863)

Clement Vallandigham and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Speech of Hon. Clement L. Vallandigham of Ohio in the House of Representatives,

February 23, 1863, Congressional Globe: 37th Congress: 3d Session, House of Representatives, 172-77.
33. Man without a Country - Edward Everett Hale (1863)

Edward Everett Hale and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Edward Everett Hale. “The Man Without a Country,” Atlantic Monthly (Massachusetts), December 1863, pg. 665-679.

Retrieved From: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1863/12/the-man-without-a-country/308751/
34. The Sleeping Sentinel, William Scott - Frances De Haes Janvier (1863)

Frances De Haes Janvier and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document Citation:

Janvier, Francies De Haes. The Sleeping Sentinel. Philadelphia: T.B. Peterson & Brothers, 1863.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/20013295/
35. Battle of Gettysburg - Rachel Carmany (1863)

Rachel Carmany and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Mohr, James C. and Robert E. Winslow III, eds. The Cormany Diaries: A Northern Family in the Civil War. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1982, pg. 329-341
36. The Prayer of One Hundred Thousand - Charles Sumner & The Women’s National League (1863)

Charles Sumner, Susan B. Anthony, and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Sumner, Charles. The prayer of one hundred thousand. Speech of Hon. Chas. Sumner on the presentation of the first installment of the emancipation petition of the women's national league… New York: 1864.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/95123535/
37. Be My Mother Till I Die - Elmer Ruan Coates (1863)

Elmer Ruan Coates and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document Citation:

Be My Mother Till I Die By Elmer Ruan Coates. Philadelphia: Johnson, 18??.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/amss-cw100570/
38. Letter to President Lincoln - A. E. Rutdge (1863)

A. E. Rutdge, R. K. Scott, and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Rutdge, A.E. A.E. Rutdge to Abraham Lincoln: Complains about failure of post office to deliver letters reporting that her son had been seriously wounded. New Jersey: August 19, 1863.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/mal2571200/.
39. Notice of Petition for Divorce - Mary Ellen Montgomery (1863)

Mary Ellen Montgomery and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

“Notice of Petition for Divorce” The Emporia News (Kansas), September 19, 1863, pg. 3.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/sn82016419/1863-09-19/ed-1/.
40. Barbara Frietchie - John Greenleaf Whittier (1863)

John Greenleaf Whittier and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Whittier, John Greenleaf. “Barbara Frietchie,” Atlantic Monthly (Massachusetts) October 1863, pg. 495-497.

Retrieved From: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1863/10/barbara-frietchie/303951/
41. Consumer Goods (1864 - 2 Documents)

Harper's Weekly, Portland Daily Express, and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citations

Document 1:

Harper’s Weekly: A Journal of Civilization (New York), January 30, 1864, pg. 16.

Retrieved From: https://archive.org/details/sim_harpers-weekly_1864-01-02_8_366/mode/2up.

Document 2:

“Another Victory! The Good Time has Come!” The Portland Daily Press (Maine), May 20, 1864, pg. 2.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/sn83016025/1864-05-20/ed-1/
42. The Mission of War - Frederick Douglass (1864)

Frederick Douglass and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Douglass, Frederick. “The Mission of the War: A Lecture,” New-York Daily Tribune (New York), January 14, 1864, pg. 1-2.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/sn83030213/1864-01-14/ed-1/
43. Vassar College: Women’s Own - Milo P. Jewett (1864)

Milo P. Jewett and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Jewett, Milo P. "Vassar College: Women's Own," Speech Delivered Before the Trustees at Their Meeting, February 23, 1864.
44. Slave Narratives (1864 - 2 Documents)

Amelia Jones, Byers York, and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citations

Document 1:

“Amelia Jones” in Federal Writers’ Project. Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, Vol. 7. Washington: Library of Congress, 1941, pg. 11-12.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/mesn070/

Document 2:

“Susan Dale Sanders” in Federal Writers’ Project. Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, Vol. 7. Washington: Library of Congress, 1941, pg. 17-18.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/mesn070/
45. Song of the Working-Women - Ann S. Stephens (1864)

Ann S. Stephens and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Fincher’s Trades Review, April 2, 1864.
46. Letter to Abraham Lincoln - A. M. Gilford (1864)

A. M. Gilford and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Gilford, A.M. A. M. Gilford to Abraham Lincoln: Does Not Want Her Son to be Drafted. Illinois: August 23, 1864.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/mal3550700/.
47. Democratic Party Platform - Edward Stanwood (1864)

Edward Stanwood and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

“The War Election” in Stanwood, Edward. A History of Presidential Elections. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1892, pg. 242-243.

Retrieved From: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b3635980
48. Miscegenation: The Theory of the Blending of the Races - Anonymous (1864)

Anonymous and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Miscegenation: The Theory of the Blending of the Races, applied to the American White Man and Negro, p. 48-60. New York: H. Dexter, Hamilton & Co., 1864.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/05009520/
49. Letter of George B. McClellan in Acceptance of the Nomination of the Chicago Convention (1864)

George B. McClellan and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

McClellan, George B. Letter of Geo. B. McClellan in acceptance of the nomination Chicago Convention. New Jersey: September 8, 1864.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/scsm000266/.
50. Elmira Prison Camp (1864 - 8 Documents)

Benjamin Munger, William Hoffman, Seth Eastman, Eugene F. Sanger, William P. Jordan, B. F. Tracy, Miles Sherrill, and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citations:

Documents 1-7:

The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records, Series 2, Volume 7, pg. 691-1273, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1880-1901.

Retrieved From: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000625514

Document 8:

Sherrill, Miles. A Soldier’s Story: Prison Life and Other Incidents in the War of 1861-1865. North Carolina: Newton Enterprise, 1904?, pg. 9-11.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/05033190/
51. Female Students at Medical Colleges (1864)

New York Times and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

“Female Students at Medical Colleges.” The New York Times (New York), December 6, 1864, pg. 4.

Retrieved From: https://www.nytimes.com/1864/12/06/archives/female-students-at-medical-colleges.html?searchResultPosition=3
52. Address Delivered at Buffalo, N.Y. - William H. Sylvis (1864)

William H. Sylvis and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Sylvis, William H. “Address Delivered at Buffalo, N.Y., January, 1864.” In The Life, Speeches, Labors, and Essays of William H. Sylvis, edited by James Sylvis, pg. 104-114. Philadelphia: Claxton, Remsen and Haffelfinger, 1872

Retrieved From: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000956471
53. The Question of Lady Doctors: Views of a Regular Physician (1865)

The New York Times and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

“The Question of Lady Doctors.” The New York Times (New York), January, 8, 1865, pg. 5.

Retrieved From: https://www.nytimes.com/1865/01/08/archives/the-question-of-lady-doctors.html?searchResultPosition=18
54. The Question of Female Physicians: What Ladies of the Old School Think About It (1865)

The New York Times and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

“The Question of Female Physicians.” The New York Times (New York), January 15, 1865, pg. 5.

Retrieved From: https://www.nytimes.com/1865/01/15/archives/the-question-of-female-physicians.html?searchResultPosition=33
55. Experience of Eighteen Years in Slavery - Mattie J. Jackson (1865)

Mattie J. Jackson, L. S. Thompson, and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Thompson, L.S. and Jackson, Mattie J. The Story of Mattie J. Jackson: Her Parentage—Experience of Eighteen Years in Slavery—Incidents During the War—Her Escape from Slavery. Lawrence: Sentinel Office, 1866, pg. 30.

Retrieved From: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/17827
56. Second Inaugural Address - Abraham Lincoln (1865)

Abraham Lincoln and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Lincoln, Abraham. “Second Inaugural Address.” March 4, 1865.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/mal4361300/
57. White House Funeral for Lincoln - Reverend Phineas Gurley (1865)

Phineas Gurley (Reverend) and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Gurley, Phineas. “The Funeral Oration.” The New York Herald (New York), April 20, 1865, pg. 5.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/sn83030313/1865-04-20/ed-1/
58. Celebration in Memory of Abraham Lincoln - William Howard Day (1865)

William Howard Day and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Day, WM. Howard. “Oration.” In Celebration by the Colored People's Educational Monument Association in memory of Abraham Lincoln, on the Fourth of July, in the Presidential grounds, Washington, D.C. by The Colored People’s Educational Monument Association, pg. 14-17. Washington, D.C.: McGill & Witherow, 1865.

Retrieved From: https://www.loc.gov/item/12030032/
59. Little Women - Louisa May Alcott (1865)

Louisa May Alcott and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Alcott, Louisa May. Little Women; or Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy: Part First. Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1868, pg. 7-9.

Retrieved From: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001421435
60. O Captain! My Captain! - Walt Whitman (1865)

Walt Whitman and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

“O Captain! My Captain!” In Leaves of Grass, Walt Whitman, pg. 262-263. London: David Bogue, 1881.

Retrieved From: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100142634
61. The Resources and Prospects of America - Sir Samuel M. Peto (1865)

Samuel M. Peto (Sir) and Wallace Hettle (Editor)

Document citation:

Peto, Samuel M. The Resources and Prospects of America Ascertained During a Visit to the States in the Autumn of 1865. London: Alexander Strahan, 1866, pg. 386-92.

Retrieved From: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006594314

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