Graduate Research Papers

Availability

Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)

Keywords

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing; Post-traumatic stress disorder;

Abstract

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an often criticized but effective therapy in the treatment of PTSD. The use of bilateral stimulation, often in the form of alternating eye movements, is scrutinized and opponents argue that it is not necessary for EMDR to be effective. This paper’s author analyzed the current research on EMDR and its multiple delivery variations, including variations in bilateral stimulation methods and combinations of EMDR with other therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Multiple studies exist that test eye movements as an effective method of bilateral stimulation, while other methods, such as the “butterfly technique” and hand tapping, do show some positive results. Results show that EMDR is effective, with eye movements being the most effective bilateral stimulation method. EMDR can also be effective when combined with other therapies and when administered over a virtual setting. Finally, eye movements are a necessary component of EMDR therapy and should continue to be included as part of the eight step EMDR therapy program. Future research on the topic should focus on EMDR administration in clinical settings and include replication of studies that test EMDR with and without eye movements.

Year of Submission

2025

Department

Department of Social Work

First Advisor

Matthew Vasquez

Date Original

2025

Object Description

1 PDF file (30 pages)

Language

en

File Format

application/pdf

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