Faculty Publications
Document Type
Article
Publication Version
Published Version
Keywords
body composition, body fat percent, densitometry, hydrodensitometry, underwater weighing
Journal/Book/Conference Title
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
Volume
7
Issue
3
Abstract
New equations were derived to predict the density of the body (DB) by hydrostatic weighing with the head above water (HWHAW). Hydrostatic weighing with the head below water (HWHBW) was the criterion for DB measurement in 90 subjects (44 M, 46 F). Head volume by immersion (HVIMM) was determined by subtracting the mass in water with the head below water (MWHBW) from the mass in water with the head above water (MWHAW), with subjects at residual lung volume. Equations were derived for head volume prediction (HVPRED) from head measurements and used to correct DB by HWHAW. Equations were also derived for HWHAW using direct regression of DB from uncorrected density (with MWHAW in place of MWHBW). Prediction equations were validated in 45 additional subjects (21 M, 24 F). Results were evaluated using equivalence testing, linear regression, Bland–Altman plots, and paired t-tests. Head girth, face girth, and body mass produced the smallest errors for HVPRED. In both M and F validation groups, equivalence (±2% fat by weight) was demonstrated between body fat percent (BF%) by HWHBW and BF% by HWHAW with HVPRED. Variance in computer-averaged samples of MWHAW was significantly less (p < 0.05) than MWHBW. Prediction error was smaller for BF% by HWHAW with HVPRED than for alternative methods. Conclusions: Equivalence between BF% by HWHBW and BF% by HWHAW with HVPRED was demonstrated and differences were not statistically significant. Weight fluctuations were smaller for HWHAW than HWHBW.
Department
Department of Kinesiology
Original Publication Date
9-1-2022
Object Description
1 PDF file
DOI of published version
10.3390/jfmk7030070
Repository
UNI ScholarWorks, Rod Library, University of Northern Iowa
Date Digital
2022
Copyright
©2022 The Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Language
en
File Format
application/pdf
Recommended Citation
Tesch, Jeff C.; Papadopoulos, Panayiotis; Dolgener, Forrest; and Tinsley, Grant M., "New Equations For Hydrostatic Weighing Without Head Submersion" (2022). Faculty Publications. 5296.
https://scholarworks.uni.edu/facpub/5296
Comments
First published in Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 7(3): 70 (2022) published by MDPI. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk7030070