Faculty Publications
Document Type
Article
Publication Version
Published Version
Keywords
bystander harassment, job stress, part-time employees, sexual harassment, work attitudes, work behaviors
Journal/Book/Conference Title
Behavioral Sciences
Volume
16
Issue
1
First Page
1
Last Page
23
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of sexual and bystander harassment experiences on work attitudes, stress, withdrawal, and psychological well-being of part-time employees. Participants included 314 female employees who worked part-time in their organizations. All participants completed a computer-administered workplace experience survey assessing various aspects of their work environment, including personal and bystander harassment experiences, work-related attitudes (supervisor satisfaction, coworker satisfaction, and general job stress), work behaviors (work and job withdrawal), and psychological well-being. Experiences of sexual harassment and bystander harassment were predicted to be negatively related to satisfaction and psychological health and positively related to stress and withdrawal. Both forms of harassment were expected to contribute additively to the prediction of work outcomes and psychological health. Moderator models were examined to explore the potential interactions between sexual and bystander harassment. Results indicated that both forms of harassment were related to work attitudes, stress, and withdrawal. Sexual harassment was the strongest predictor of work outcomes. Discriminant Function Analysis provided additional support for group-based distinctions. The results are discussed in terms of interpersonal and organizational implications, limitations, and future research directions.
Department
Department of Psychology
Original Publication Date
12-21-2025
Object Description
1 PDF File
DOI of published version
10.3390/bs16010017
Repository
UNI ScholarWorks, Rod Library, University of Northern Iowa
Copyright
©2025 The Author(s)
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Language
en
File Format
application/pdf
Recommended Citation
Hitlan, Robert T., "Sexual and Bystander Harassment Among Part-Time Employees: Effects on Work Attitudes, Stress, and Withdrawal" (2025). Faculty Publications. 6923.
https://scholarworks.uni.edu/facpub/6923
Comments
First published in Behavioral Sciences, v16 i1 published by MDPI. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16010017