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Okay, so we've got um, we've got
three presentations on copyright

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today. First, Ellen Neuhaus is
going to lead off with a

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presentation on Creative Commons
of that Creative Commons

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Licensing: What, How, and Why?
So that will be really, really

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good. That'll be from two
o'clock to 2:25. And then a

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quick break and 2:30 to 3:10,
I'll be doing Copyright 101,

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kind of a quick march through
what copyright is all about, for

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educators and students. And then
presentation three, Helen Harton

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department is going to join us
3:15 to 3:45, to talk about

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academic ethics, and plagiarism.
So they all kind of work

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together, it's going to be a
good day today. So I'm gonna

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turn it over to Ellen for hers.

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Hey, welcome to the first
session of Copyright Day. And so

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my session is Creative Commons
Licenses: What, How, and Why?

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And why would you be interested
in this, this session is going

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to cover two angles. So one is
from a user. So there are

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millions of Creative Common
works or images that you can

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use. And then also from the
creator, like, how do I find out

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information so I can select a
Creative Commons license for my

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item. And so, what I'm going to
start out with a little

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background as to give you
context. So background

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information, including open
access movement, scholarly

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communication lifecycle,
Creative Common licenses, and

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then a little bit about public
domain, and how does that

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intersect. So the open access
movement started, like 30 years

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ago, and a Creative Commons
organization and license is

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rooted in all this. And so the
movement began really in

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response to the high cost of
journals, other scholarly

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publications, and databases by
traditional publishers. So there

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are some journals, they're like
$10,000 per year, there are some

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databases there $300,000 per
year. And so over the years, the

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movement has grown as an
alternative to the traditional

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publishing. And now there are
thousands of open access

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journals. And it has more or
expanded into open data and open

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science, so more openness. And
the open data and science, for

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example, traditional publishers
will, no, publishers will often

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require that the data set that
the researcher uses goes into an

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open repository. And that's
becoming more and more of a

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requirements. Open science also
into repositories of data so

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that the science can be
reproduced. Also, part of the

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open access movement is greater
emphasis and support in higher

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ed to create open educational
resources or OERs, used in K 12,

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as well as higher ed. And
tomorrow, I'm putting a plug in

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for a couple of sessions that
Anne-Marie is going to give

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about what's happening at UNI
with regard to open educational

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resources. Now stepping back to
the scholarly communication

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lifecycle. This is all connected
to Creative Common licenses. And

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so the orange phase one is data
collection and research

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analysis. So the researcher is
gathering information. They used

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two, three, where the authors
write the articles. This is

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where the Creative Commons
license comes in. Or if you

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create images or media, this is
where the Creative Common

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licenses come in. They stream
publication and dissemination.

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This is an example where
ScholarWorks, the institutional

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repository, is a part of the
third phase. And then phase four

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is storage archiving and
preserving long term and that's

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where ScholarWorks also comes
in.

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And then what's left but

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neither button is working

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on it probably is.

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Okay, so Creative Common license
or organization, there's a

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website. And there's a lot of
information about Creative

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Commons licenses on this
website. And Creative Commons is

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a nonprofit organization that
works to increase the amount of

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work that is available, freely
available, and legal sharing and

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use and repurposing and remixing
of different works. So with

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Creative Common licenses, you
retain the copyright of your

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work. So that's an important
thing to know. But you are

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allowing people to use your
work. So that's really

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disseminated. So Creative
Commons licenses may be applied

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to any paperwork like image,
video, media, books, articles,

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and whoever is the copyright
owner can assign a Creative

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Commons license, you select
which license you want to use,

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and this license will clearly
tell the user what they can and

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cannot do. So there are six
different types of Creative

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Common licenses. And on the
website, there are tutorials and

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information that will go in more
depth, there's a tutorial that

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will work you through to help
you select whatever license

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would meet your particular
needs. And so, with all six of

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the licenses, it is meant to be
able to freely disseminate the

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work. And so, with all six of
them, you have, but you have to

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give attribution to the original
creator. Then there are three

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different factors or attributes,
and those three different

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attributes can combine to create
different licenses. So, the

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three different factors share
alike. So, you can have your

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work you know, people can use
it, they can disseminate it,

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they can even rework it if you
allow that, but the share alike

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means if you rework it or modify
it, you have to share the

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reworked work with the same
Creative Common license as the

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original work. Then there is
non-commercial. So if you do not

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want it to be used commercially,
you can assign the

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non-commercial factor or
attribute. And then also there

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is no derivative. So if you
don't want any derivatives made

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of the work, you can clearly
state that. And so there are

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different combinations. And it
goes from broad at the very top,

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which will, just says that you
need to give attribution so

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people can use, redistribute,
they can modify the work, remix

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it and that's the most broad,
and then as you go down, it gets

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more and more restrictive. And
at the very bottom, people can

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use and disseminate, eight, but
they can't use it commercially,

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and they cannot make any
derivatives.

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Okay, so I also want to talk
about the public domain, and I

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want step back. So right. If you
were writing an open textbook,

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you might want to make sure that
you do not have the 'no

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derivatives' you want to make it
more freely available so people

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can rework the work. And so
that's where your specific needs

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come into play. What exactly do
you want or don't want people to

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do? Now, the public domain is
something that is different than

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a Creative Common license. But
with open educational resources,

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all open educational resources
need to either have a Creative

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Common license to allow people
to use it and rework it. Or they

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need to be in the public domain.
And so the public domain is,

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refers to materials that are not
protected by intellectual

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property laws, such as
copyright, trademark or patent

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laws. And the public owns these
works. And anyone can use a

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public domain work without
obtaining permission. They're in

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the public domain. Now, works
created by the federal

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government are in the public
domain, as well as older books

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and materials. And it used to be
like 1923 and before, but most

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recently, the copyright law is
now inching forward. And every

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year another years worth is
being pulled into the public

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domain. So at this point, it's
1926 or older that's in the

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public domain. So how, how does
it work? And how do you find

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works with Creative Common
licenses? So Creative Commons,

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and I have a handout on the
table if you want. And it gives

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a little bit more information
about what is Creative Commons

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Commons. But Creative Commons
provide free easy to use legal

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tools that give everyone so
individual institution, a

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commercial company that owns a
copyright, and gives everyone a

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simple, standardized way to pre
clear usage rights to work so

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that they own copyright to. And
so a Creative Commons license is

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not an alternative to copyright,
you retain the copyright of the

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item, they apply on top of
copyright. And so right, you are

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modifying your copyright terms
to suit your needs the best. So

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getting a license is easy. So
the organization has created

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these licenses, that anyone can
come and assign a Creative

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Common license to their works.
And the website has more

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information and tutorials. Now,
looking at another angle, if

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you're just looking for Creative
Common works to use the images

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or media or other things that
you have, and right, so you

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might want to look for Creative
Common work so that you know

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exactly what you can and can't
do. And you might be able to

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modify and use these works for
your own, as long as you give

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attribute and then follow
whatever the license says. So

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there is a search engine or
portal, Open Verse. And I have a

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screenshot I'll quickly show
you. There's Wikimedia Commons,

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which is a large database of
Creative Common license, images,

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media, as well as things in the
public domain. So even now,

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people might create an image and
they might assign it to the

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public domain. Some people do
that. And with Wikimedia

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Commons, it tells you exactly
more information about about the

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item. And then also what
creative common license you need

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to use, or if it's in the public
domain. And reminding everyone

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that UNI ScholarWorks and other
bepress institutional

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repositories contain items with
Creative Commons licenses, not

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all of the items. And I would
say the majority of the items in

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ScholarWorks don't have Creative
Common licenses, but it's

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available for people who want to
assign them. So here's a

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screenshot of open verse. And so
I've typed 'stack of money'

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looking for an image, you can
then limit to image or images,

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and then you'll find images,
maybe on that particular item.

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And all of these should have
some type of Creative Common

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license. Here's an older search
portal that you can still use

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and very similar to Open Verse.
And you can limit to like Google

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Images, Wikimedia Commons. Now,
why, what are the benefits for

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assigning Creative Commons to
your work or using or trying to

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find Creative Common items? So
selecting the license provides

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an easy way to manage your
copyright and allows the

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material to be shared and reused
under terms are flexible and

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legally sound. And so there have
been lawsuits regarding Creative

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Common licenses and commercial
companies not using things

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correctly. It also tells the
user exactly what they can and

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can't do so it's it helps direct
the proper use of however you

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want your item to be used and
allows you work to have broader

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reach and impact. So open
access...something can still be

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open access but not have a
Creative Common license and If

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it's open access, it will have
broader reach and impact and

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maybe more citations, more
people can see and use the work.

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So Creative Common licenses,
there's a smaller set of open

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access items. But Creative
Common licenses are also

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allowing your work to have
broader use and more impacted

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reach. Now from the angle of
using Creative Common works, if

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you're a student, educator,
scientist or creator looking for

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content, you can freely and
legally use. There's a huge

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pool, a large pool of Creative
Common item, or Creative Common

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license item, items, content
available to you, millions of

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works. And if you use these
items, you will know exactly how

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to use the work. Here's a list
of images I used. And I don't

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know if there's questions?

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I have a question about
scholarly journal articles,

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sometimes I've seen a Creative
Commons license on them is that

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because the author selected a
Creative Commons license, or the

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journal may require that?

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Right, it might depend. And so
oftentimes with journals, they

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will just say, if you publish in
this journal, we're going to

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assign, you retain the
copyright. But we're assigning a

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Creative Common license. And so
we have a couple examples of

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that in ScholarWorks. So
Universitatis, which is no

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longer active, but a journal by
faculty and staff and students

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at UNI, the journal itself had a
Creative Common license

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assigned, it was non commercial.
And then there's Pedagogy and

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Theater of the Oppressed
journal, which is out of

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Communication and Media
Department. And that has a

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Creative Common license also
assigned, the journal itself.

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So does that mean the same
license is applied to every

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single article?

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Yeah, in that case, but there
could be different variations.

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So right, in in the cases that I
gave, the individual art authors

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still retain the copyright. But
the journal, it has required

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that the authors assign the
Creative Common license, even

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though the authors retain the
copyright. A traditional

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publishers are angling in for
open access. And so they have

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author fees. I mean, people can
have an open access article in a

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traditional publisher,
oftentimes, but you have to pay

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like three, $3500 an article.
And so the money instead of made

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by the subscribers is being made
by the authors. And then in

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those cases, I've seen Elsevier
journals, even and and other

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major publishers, then that
particular article, not all

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00:18:37,858 --> 00:18:44,022
articles out of that particular
journal, but that article, is

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available open access with a
Creative Common license. There,

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yep. So I don't know,

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I've just been thinking about
this, because you've given me an

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idea. So I have on academia.edu
I have a lot of my articles up

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articles from which I own the
copyright. Good. How would I

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then put a Creative Commons
license on top of that, so

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people know that how they could
use it?

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Right, and so, right, so as an
individual and institution or

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commercial company, you can sign
Creative Common licenses. And so

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I'm just reminding you like
ScholarWorks, if you deposit

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your works in ScholarWorks, you
can elect to also add to

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Creative Common license, and
then there is the graphic of

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whatever license that you have
licensed and the information is

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right there. You know, with with
whatever the work is.  As an

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individual you can also modify
your work and add that symbol.

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But you're doing it as an
individual. So the organization

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has the information, but they
don't manage, it's self selecting,

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You have to fill out you have,
I'm trying to remember do you

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have to fill out something on
their website. No, you just...

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No, you don't need to do that.
With ScholarWorks we're not

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going through the organization.
But within the system, we have a

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drop down menu that we can pick
one of the different license.

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Yep.

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Within, on the same trail,
within the Creative Commons

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selection for copyright, there
is absolutely no fee for what

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we're selecting to add to our
work.

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No, there is no fee at all. And
so it's a nonprofit

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organization. And there is no
fee, they have just come up with

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the information. And then people
can select and then use the

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different licenses.

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What would public domain? What,
what would protect a public

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domain item from derivative?

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There is no protection.

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So if, if a government document
is public domain, I can go in

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and change data?

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okay, so I'm trying to think,

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well, I can't, you can't go and
change the original item. But

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there have been publishers, many
of them very successful. Take

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government documents, take all
the information out of them,

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republish them and sell them.

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So and they can do that because
it's public domain.

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And also the classic books, you
know, the in the public domain.

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Publishers will read, you know,
have different binding reformat?

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What's the legal parameter that
protects alteration of a public

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domain? I can't publish, or you
can't go Shakespeare?

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Yeah, I mean, you can't go in
and change what already exists.

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The assumption, I guess, is that
there's plenty of copies of

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Shakespeare and the original out
there, but if you want to write

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an abridged version, or
translate it into Klingon,

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there's nothing to stop you. You
don't even have to say it was

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originally by [inaudible] I
suppose but that would be

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unethical, which is an entirely
different thing.

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So some of these other issues
might come into play. You know,

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if you then rework something and
then don't, yeah, whatever you

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decide to do. I guess it might
depend, like ethical issues,

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And where are those ethical
issues defended? I guess it's my

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question If if they exist, are
they litigated? Or is it just

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frowned upon?

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I think these are going to be
very good questions for Helen

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and her presentation later on.
But yeah, yeah, it's, yeah, you

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would be frowned upon if you
tried to claim authorship

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amulets, but if you translate it
into Klingon, and then said, you

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were the translator, that's
perfectly fine.

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And you can incorporate public
domain items into a Creative

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Commons product that you share.
Then there are going to be

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portions of that that are
subject to restrictions, ethics,

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that's where you get into to
citation. So if you cite it

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properly, go ahead and use it.
But you can't it won't be

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copyright you because you're
citing it back to the original.

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And so we're running out of
time. So thank you very much.