1 00:00:05,220 --> 00:00:17,340 It's TV Schooltime. WOI TV in association with Iowa State 2 00:00:17,340 --> 00:00:20,880 Teachers College presents another program in the Iowa TV 3 00:00:20,880 --> 00:00:26,040 Schooltime Series, Landmarks in Iowa History. Today's topic is 4 00:00:26,130 --> 00:00:29,520 Oakville, your teacher is Herb Hake of Iowa State Teachers 5 00:00:29,520 --> 00:00:30,090 College. 6 00:00:40,830 --> 00:00:45,450 Hello boys and girls, I was just counting my money. You notice 7 00:00:45,450 --> 00:00:54,090 how much I have left? One, two, three dollars. That's not very 8 00:00:54,090 --> 00:00:57,300 much money. Considering the fact that I'm so far from Cedar 9 00:00:57,300 --> 00:00:57,810 Falls. 10 00:00:59,220 --> 00:01:04,620 As the announcer told you just now, I'm in Oakville today. And 11 00:01:04,620 --> 00:01:07,920 Oakville is a long way from Cedar Falls. And I would like 12 00:01:07,920 --> 00:01:13,230 very much to take a trip on the ferry, from Oakville here, 13 00:01:13,770 --> 00:01:18,480 across to New Boston, Illinois. There isn't any bridge crossing 14 00:01:18,480 --> 00:01:24,630 the river here. I had to take a ferry. And it costs $1 to go 15 00:01:24,630 --> 00:01:29,070 across to New Boston. And it takes $1 to come back. So that'd 16 00:01:29,070 --> 00:01:33,570 be $2. And that would leave me only $1 to pay for any meals 17 00:01:33,570 --> 00:01:38,490 that I might need, before I get back home. In case I had a flat 18 00:01:38,490 --> 00:01:42,030 tire, I might have to have that fixed. I don't think I can 19 00:01:42,030 --> 00:01:46,620 afford it. But I would like to make another trip on that ferry. 20 00:01:48,540 --> 00:01:52,890 I like to make trips in boats. And this is a real adventure. 21 00:01:53,760 --> 00:01:56,580 And it isn't hard to imagine, especially when you come from 22 00:01:56,580 --> 00:02:01,530 the Illinois side back over here to Iowa, that his is just like 23 00:02:01,530 --> 00:02:07,710 the time when the first white men saw what is now Iowa. This 24 00:02:07,710 --> 00:02:12,270 is the point where the first white men set foot upon Iowa 25 00:02:12,270 --> 00:02:17,670 soil. See that streak across the back there? That's the 26 00:02:17,670 --> 00:02:21,780 Mississippi River. And this river here that's on a slant, 27 00:02:22,560 --> 00:02:27,360 going over this way, is the Iowa River. This is where the Iowa 28 00:02:27,360 --> 00:02:30,870 River flows into the Mississippi. And at that point, 29 00:02:33,120 --> 00:02:37,980 white men first set foot upon the soil that is now Iowa. And 30 00:02:37,980 --> 00:02:43,830 that happened on June the 25, 1673. And you know who those 31 00:02:43,830 --> 00:02:52,470 white men were? That's right, Marquette and Joliet. Now, 32 00:02:52,470 --> 00:02:56,460 before we review that story a little bit, let me show you 33 00:02:56,460 --> 00:03:01,650 exactly where we are on the map of Iowa. Because I'm sure you 34 00:03:01,650 --> 00:03:06,510 boys and girls will want to visit this place some time. 35 00:03:08,370 --> 00:03:12,600 And if you know where to go, it will save you a lot of groping 36 00:03:12,600 --> 00:03:21,540 around. Here's a map of Iowa. This is the Iowa River flowing 37 00:03:21,540 --> 00:03:26,310 down toward the southeast. And it makes a little turn here and 38 00:03:26,310 --> 00:03:30,480 flows into the Mississippi. This is the Mississippi and this 39 00:03:30,480 --> 00:03:36,540 white dot here is Oakville. Oakville is just a small 40 00:03:36,540 --> 00:03:41,340 village. And the village itself is some distance from the 41 00:03:41,400 --> 00:03:45,090 junction. There aren't any houses around this point where 42 00:03:45,090 --> 00:03:48,780 the Iowa River flows into the Mississippi, ope, there is a 43 00:03:48,780 --> 00:03:54,450 little further off two or three miles. Here is Toolesboro on the 44 00:03:54,450 --> 00:03:57,900 other side of the Iowa River. You remember we were in 45 00:03:57,900 --> 00:04:01,890 Toolesboro last week, when we had the lesson about the mound 46 00:04:01,890 --> 00:04:07,710 builders. And up here is Muscatine. So Toolesboro and 47 00:04:08,370 --> 00:04:13,170 Oakville are almost due south of Muscatine. Down here is 48 00:04:13,170 --> 00:04:17,730 Burlington. So if you want to remember about where Oakville 49 00:04:17,730 --> 00:04:21,870 is, it's about halfway between Muscatine and Burlington, but 50 00:04:21,870 --> 00:04:28,620 you have to take a side road to get to Oakville. Well, let's 51 00:04:28,620 --> 00:04:32,700 look at this on a map of the United States. You remember I 52 00:04:32,700 --> 00:04:38,340 said this was the point where Marquette and Joliet a first set 53 00:04:38,340 --> 00:04:42,900 foot upon the land that is now Iowa? Well, last year when we 54 00:04:42,900 --> 00:04:48,120 visited McGregor, I told you about Marquette and Joliet first 55 00:04:48,690 --> 00:04:56,220 seeing the Mississippi. I told you that on June 17, 1673, 56 00:04:56,640 --> 00:04:59,340 Marquette and Joliet a discovered the Upper 57 00:04:59,340 --> 00:05:09,180 Mississippi. And that was right here. As early as 1671, Father, 58 00:05:09,330 --> 00:05:12,480 Jacques Marquette had established a mission up here at 59 00:05:12,480 --> 00:05:20,760 St. Ignace, in what is now the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. In 60 00:05:20,760 --> 00:05:26,970 1672, a man named Louis Joliet was sent from Quebec, up in here 61 00:05:26,970 --> 00:05:33,060 somewhere by the Governor General of New France, to join 62 00:05:33,180 --> 00:05:35,790 Father Marquette, who knew a great deal about the Indians and 63 00:05:35,790 --> 00:05:39,150 who had learned the Algonquian language. He's sent Louise 64 00:05:39,150 --> 00:05:43,350 Joliet to meet Father Marquette over here at St. Ignace. And 65 00:05:43,350 --> 00:05:47,370 together, they planned a trip into the wilderness, which had 66 00:05:47,370 --> 00:05:52,530 never been seen by white men, to discover whether this great 67 00:05:52,530 --> 00:05:56,550 river that the Indians talked about flowed over here toward 68 00:05:56,550 --> 00:06:02,280 the west, and afforded a passage to the Pacific Ocean, and to the 69 00:06:02,280 --> 00:06:06,570 Indies. Or whether it flowed south into the Gulf of Mexico, 70 00:06:06,600 --> 00:06:14,940 nobody knew this. So on May 17, 1673, Father market and Louis 71 00:06:14,940 --> 00:06:21,690 Joliet and a and five vayageurs set out along the north shore of 72 00:06:21,690 --> 00:06:28,350 Lake Michigan, went into Green Bay, in two canoes, up the Fox 73 00:06:28,350 --> 00:06:31,470 River, this looks like it's going down, doesn't it? But it 74 00:06:31,470 --> 00:06:34,770 was really upstream in the Fox River, until they got to this 75 00:06:34,770 --> 00:06:38,070 point, where there were just a short distance between the Fox 76 00:06:38,070 --> 00:06:40,800 River and the Wisconsin River and they made a portage here. 77 00:06:41,100 --> 00:06:45,060 This is the place where Portage, Wisconsin is today. Portage is a 78 00:06:45,060 --> 00:06:47,400 carrying place. They picked up their canoes and carried them 79 00:06:47,400 --> 00:06:51,540 across the land to the Wisconsin River, and went down to 80 00:06:51,540 --> 00:06:58,680 Wisconsin and on June 17, 1673, they paddled into the 81 00:06:58,770 --> 00:07:03,600 Mississippi River, and began their great adventure following 82 00:07:03,600 --> 00:07:14,100 this stream, to its mouth on June 25, 1673. They landed here 83 00:07:14,100 --> 00:07:17,970 at a point where a river flowed in from the west. And we call 84 00:07:17,970 --> 00:07:21,660 this the Iowa River today. And here they saw human footprints 85 00:07:21,660 --> 00:07:25,410 for the first time. All the way along here. They had seen no 86 00:07:25,590 --> 00:07:29,910 Indians at all. It heard stories of savages, but they didn't see 87 00:07:29,910 --> 00:07:34,320 anybody. And finally, they came to these footprints here at the 88 00:07:34,320 --> 00:07:39,960 mouth of the Iowa River. And that is the substance of our 89 00:07:39,960 --> 00:07:44,250 story today. I'll tell you about that in a minute. After they 90 00:07:44,250 --> 00:07:49,410 left these Indians, they went on down the Mississippi, past the 91 00:07:49,410 --> 00:07:52,830 mouth of the Illinois River, had quite a bit of trouble here 92 00:07:52,890 --> 00:07:57,390 where the Missouri pours its brown, muddy flood into the 93 00:07:57,390 --> 00:08:01,290 Mississippi. There's quite a strong current here. But they 94 00:08:01,290 --> 00:08:06,630 continue to pass the mouse of the Ohio River and on down until 95 00:08:06,630 --> 00:08:09,750 they got to the mouth of the Arkansas River. 96 00:08:11,100 --> 00:08:16,380 And here Indians told them that just a few days journey beyond 97 00:08:16,680 --> 00:08:20,250 in other words down in here somewhere. There were men with 98 00:08:20,250 --> 00:08:25,080 beards on their faces who had fire sticks, which was the way 99 00:08:25,080 --> 00:08:30,060 the Indians described guns. And Father Marquette and Louie 100 00:08:30,090 --> 00:08:33,420 Joliet decided that these must be Spaniards. And the Spaniards, 101 00:08:33,420 --> 00:08:37,230 of course hated the French. And so they decided that since they 102 00:08:37,230 --> 00:08:41,070 had gotten that far, they had learned that the Mississippi 103 00:08:41,070 --> 00:08:45,090 flows toward the south, and that it ended in the Gulf of Mexico 104 00:08:45,090 --> 00:08:48,150 instead of over here in the Pacific Ocean. So they turned 105 00:08:48,180 --> 00:08:52,650 back and went upstream. And it was a lot harder going upstream 106 00:08:52,650 --> 00:08:55,620 and it wants to float downstream. And when they got 107 00:08:55,620 --> 00:08:58,380 here, they decided to make a shortcut and took the Illinois 108 00:08:58,380 --> 00:09:04,740 River, portaged across to where Chicago now is. And then back to 109 00:09:04,740 --> 00:09:11,670 St. Ignace. That was the trip. And I went through it pretty 110 00:09:11,670 --> 00:09:16,200 fast. It took quite a while to make a trip like that. But it's 111 00:09:16,200 --> 00:09:20,010 important because these were the first white men to discover the 112 00:09:20,010 --> 00:09:23,310 course of the Mississippi River. These were the men who opened 113 00:09:23,670 --> 00:09:30,720 the Mississippi to travel and to civilization. Now, you may 114 00:09:30,720 --> 00:09:37,230 remember that I showed you some pictures last year of the point 115 00:09:37,230 --> 00:09:41,880 where the Wisconsin River flows into the Mississippi. Just by 116 00:09:41,880 --> 00:09:45,540 way of review, here it is again. This is the Wisconsin here 117 00:09:46,950 --> 00:09:51,030 coming down through the hills. And here is where Marquette and 118 00:09:51,030 --> 00:09:55,860 Joliet first saw the Mississippi. June 17, 1673. 119 00:09:56,340 --> 00:10:01,710 Here's the broad Mississippi and here is a mural painted on the 120 00:10:01,710 --> 00:10:05,280 wall in the museum at Prairie Du Chien, Wisconsin, showing 121 00:10:05,280 --> 00:10:09,990 Marquette and Joliet. This isn't really the way it was, boys and 122 00:10:09,990 --> 00:10:14,640 girls. There were two canoes. Marquette was in one of them, 123 00:10:15,270 --> 00:10:19,620 and Joliet was in the other one. That was in case something 124 00:10:19,620 --> 00:10:23,040 happened to one canoe, and one leader happened to be drowned, 125 00:10:23,070 --> 00:10:27,390 there would still be another one in another canoe. If this one 126 00:10:27,390 --> 00:10:32,220 had gone down, both of the leaders would have drowned. So 127 00:10:32,220 --> 00:10:36,390 according to Father Marquette's journal, Marquette was in one 128 00:10:36,390 --> 00:10:40,950 canoe and Joliet was in the other. Incidentally, even though 129 00:10:40,950 --> 00:10:45,090 we always say Marquette first, when we say Marquette and 130 00:10:45,090 --> 00:10:50,220 Joliet, Marquette was not the leader of this expedition. Louis 131 00:10:50,220 --> 00:10:54,750 Joliet was actually the leader. And Father Marquette was taken 132 00:10:54,750 --> 00:10:58,500 along because he had learned the Indian language of the 133 00:10:58,500 --> 00:11:04,890 Algonquins. And he could talk to the Indians. And he was also 134 00:11:04,890 --> 00:11:11,250 what was known to the Indians as a black robe, a priest. And he 135 00:11:11,250 --> 00:11:15,030 was interested in bringing the Gospel bringing the story of 136 00:11:15,180 --> 00:11:20,280 Christianity to these people in the woods, the Indians, people 137 00:11:20,280 --> 00:11:23,130 who had never heard of anything except for the great Manitou. 138 00:11:24,480 --> 00:11:29,040 And he wanted to tell them the story of Jesus. But Joliet took 139 00:11:29,040 --> 00:11:34,200 him along because he knew the Indian language. And because he 140 00:11:34,200 --> 00:11:38,160 was a kind of a safety factor. The Indians respected the 141 00:11:38,160 --> 00:11:42,420 missionaries. And the black robe was a kind of a guarantee that 142 00:11:42,630 --> 00:11:46,350 this was a peaceful mission. Joliet was actually the leader 143 00:11:47,100 --> 00:11:52,650 of the expedition. Now, I'd like to have you see a film of this 144 00:11:52,650 --> 00:11:57,270 junction of the Iowa and the Mississippi rivers. And I took 145 00:11:57,270 --> 00:12:00,900 this last summer when I had enough money to make a trip 146 00:12:00,900 --> 00:12:04,860 across the Mississippi River and come back. I don't have enough 147 00:12:04,860 --> 00:12:09,810 money today. But that film is in the studio in Ames and Mr. 148 00:12:09,810 --> 00:12:14,130 Weiss, our director has it. So Mr. Weiss, let us see the film. 149 00:12:14,670 --> 00:12:20,310 Here we go. Here's the scene much as you see it in the 150 00:12:20,310 --> 00:12:24,660 background, the Mississippi toward the back, and the Iowa 151 00:12:24,660 --> 00:12:30,030 River in the foreground. You see the Iowa River is fairly 152 00:12:30,030 --> 00:12:36,660 peaceful, almost as quiet as a millpond. And Marquette and 153 00:12:36,660 --> 00:12:41,850 Joliet a walked up the shore on the far side, there, following a 154 00:12:41,850 --> 00:12:45,000 well beaten path that they discovered leading through the 155 00:12:45,000 --> 00:12:53,190 trees up on the bluffs that you see in the background, and 156 00:12:53,190 --> 00:13:00,750 that's where they found the Indians. A very quiet stream and 157 00:13:00,750 --> 00:13:03,630 very popular with fishermen. Notice down there in the lower 158 00:13:03,630 --> 00:13:06,540 left hand corner, there are some fishermen getting ready to go 159 00:13:06,540 --> 00:13:07,350 out on their boats. 160 00:13:09,340 --> 00:13:14,650 This is a popular place for people who like to fish. Because 161 00:13:14,650 --> 00:13:18,220 all the fish in the Iowa River have been brought downstream. 162 00:13:18,820 --> 00:13:23,080 Here comes the ferry, se it over there in the background? When 163 00:13:23,080 --> 00:13:25,720 it's coming from New Boston, Illinois, it has to swing way 164 00:13:25,720 --> 00:13:32,830 over to the far side of the Iowa River in order to take advantage 165 00:13:32,830 --> 00:13:37,300 of the current. You see, it's coming over here toward where 166 00:13:37,300 --> 00:13:43,240 we're standing. Well it has to make a rather sharp turn and 167 00:13:43,240 --> 00:13:47,290 then come almost at right angles from the far shore to the 168 00:13:47,290 --> 00:13:52,750 landing. This takes a great deal of skill. And the man who 169 00:13:52,750 --> 00:13:59,980 operates this ferry is a man who understands the currents. This 170 00:13:59,980 --> 00:14:03,160 ferry is designed to carry automobiles across since there 171 00:14:03,160 --> 00:14:07,540 is no bridge here. Notice how quietly that is landed there 172 00:14:07,540 --> 00:14:12,880 isn't even a jolt when it hits land. And the man comes ashore 173 00:14:12,880 --> 00:14:15,910 and ties up to a tree there so it won't float away while the 174 00:14:15,910 --> 00:14:20,830 cars are loading. And the cars drive down a little incline, 175 00:14:23,290 --> 00:14:31,510 onto the ferry. This ferry will hold only about three cars. And 176 00:14:31,510 --> 00:14:34,210 you have to drive pretty slowly on this to keep from going off 177 00:14:34,210 --> 00:14:39,580 the other end where the water is deep. And there goes the ferry 178 00:14:39,700 --> 00:14:43,240 on its way across the Mississippi to the Illinois 179 00:14:43,240 --> 00:14:54,430 side. And this is a diesel powered ferry boat. And this is 180 00:14:54,430 --> 00:14:57,520 the view from the center of the Mississippi that I took from the 181 00:14:57,520 --> 00:15:00,910 ferry itself. This was the view that Marquette and Joliet must 182 00:15:00,910 --> 00:15:03,640 have seen when they looked at this river coming in from the 183 00:15:03,640 --> 00:15:09,670 west. That space they're in between the trees, that gap 184 00:15:09,670 --> 00:15:13,810 there is the Iowa River flowing in to the Mississippi from the 185 00:15:13,810 --> 00:15:21,280 west. And until they reached this point they had seen no 186 00:15:21,280 --> 00:15:32,260 Indians of any kind. But they landed every now and then. And 187 00:15:32,260 --> 00:15:36,040 on June 25, when they landed, here were the footprints. That 188 00:15:36,070 --> 00:15:40,930 is a tow boat going upstream. A tow pushing a line of barges. 189 00:15:44,200 --> 00:15:47,860 And here is the ferry coming back to the landing on the Iowa 190 00:15:47,860 --> 00:15:54,340 side. It was just a road leading down to the water's edge and the 191 00:15:54,640 --> 00:16:00,100 ferry goes right up to the to the road. So the cars may drive 192 00:16:00,520 --> 00:16:01,240 on board. 193 00:16:08,170 --> 00:16:13,780 All right. Now, I'd like to tell you a little more about this 194 00:16:13,900 --> 00:16:22,030 visit. Marquette and Joliet saw the footprints and decided to 195 00:16:22,030 --> 00:16:25,000 follow them. Now they didn't know if these Indians were going 196 00:16:25,000 --> 00:16:30,490 to be friendly or not. They might be savage. They might have 197 00:16:30,490 --> 00:16:34,270 killed them on the spot. But Marquette and Joliet decided 198 00:16:34,510 --> 00:16:38,560 that they had to learn about this country. And so they set 199 00:16:38,560 --> 00:16:43,090 off, just the two leaders, to follow this trail and left the 200 00:16:43,570 --> 00:16:47,110 five companions with the canoes and said if we're not back 201 00:16:47,950 --> 00:16:53,440 within a day's time, you hurry back to St. Ignace, try to get 202 00:16:53,440 --> 00:17:00,520 some help. But they set off alone. And here is a picture 203 00:17:01,150 --> 00:17:07,450 which shows the meeting of the two leaders with four Indian 204 00:17:07,450 --> 00:17:12,610 chiefs. You notice that Joliet has thrown down his gun to show 205 00:17:12,610 --> 00:17:17,560 that the intentions are peaceful. And the Indians are 206 00:17:17,560 --> 00:17:20,950 approaching with Calumets, or peace pipes, held high in the 207 00:17:20,950 --> 00:17:27,220 air to show that they mean to be peaceful also. And as soon as 208 00:17:27,220 --> 00:17:30,940 Father Marquette spoke a few words in the Algonquin language 209 00:17:30,940 --> 00:17:35,410 to them, they replied. And then the two leaders knew that they 210 00:17:35,410 --> 00:17:38,860 were safe, because these Indians understood the language that 211 00:17:38,890 --> 00:17:43,480 Marquette had learned. And they were able to talk and the two 212 00:17:43,480 --> 00:17:47,110 leaders were able to explain that they came on a journey of 213 00:17:47,110 --> 00:17:48,010 exploration 214 00:17:49,350 --> 00:17:54,720 and that they had no warlike intentions at all. Now, let me 215 00:17:54,720 --> 00:18:00,210 show you the village where Marquette and Joliet were 216 00:18:00,240 --> 00:18:07,320 entertained. This is a diorama, in other words, a small 3-D 217 00:18:07,350 --> 00:18:11,970 model, which you will find in the museum at Prairie Du Chien, 218 00:18:11,970 --> 00:18:16,560 Wisconsin. This is the type of village that the two travelers 219 00:18:16,560 --> 00:18:21,330 found. As soon as the four chiefs had held an opening 220 00:18:21,330 --> 00:18:24,540 parlay was Marquette and Joliet, they led them to the village. 221 00:18:25,500 --> 00:18:29,430 And the chief was standing here in the door of his wickiup 222 00:18:30,900 --> 00:18:36,000 absolutely naked, not a stitch of clothes on. Oh, that wasn't 223 00:18:36,000 --> 00:18:39,240 because he belonged to a nudist colony. That was because he 224 00:18:39,240 --> 00:18:44,760 wanted to show the the Frenchman that he had no weapons concealed 225 00:18:44,760 --> 00:18:49,560 anywhere. That he was peaceful. And he held up his hands toward 226 00:18:49,560 --> 00:18:53,430 the sun, and said how beautiful the sun is, oh my brothers, 227 00:18:53,730 --> 00:18:58,050 because you have come to visit us. This is a wikiup, you see, 228 00:18:58,050 --> 00:19:02,370 it's made by bending saplings, fastening to the ground and then 229 00:19:02,370 --> 00:19:08,880 covering the framework with reed mats and buffalo skins. Well, 230 00:19:08,880 --> 00:19:15,420 they had a very nice visit here. And Louis Joliet told the 231 00:19:15,540 --> 00:19:19,770 Indians about the great King of France, whom he represented. And 232 00:19:19,770 --> 00:19:23,640 Mark had told the Indians about the great King of Heaven, whom 233 00:19:23,640 --> 00:19:28,950 he represented. And both made a very fine impression upon the 234 00:19:29,940 --> 00:19:37,500 upon the Indians. And the Indians presented the visitors 235 00:19:37,500 --> 00:19:43,650 with a Calumet, or peace pipe. A Calumet was a symbol, which 236 00:19:43,650 --> 00:19:49,710 meant peace, peaceful intentions. And this proved very 237 00:19:49,710 --> 00:19:52,680 valuable to Marquette and Joliet when they made their later 238 00:19:52,770 --> 00:19:55,230 journey further down the Mississippi because all they had 239 00:19:55,230 --> 00:19:59,220 to do was show this and the Indians immediately knew that 240 00:19:59,220 --> 00:20:02,460 these were men on a peaceful mission, that they were not 241 00:20:02,460 --> 00:20:07,590 warlike, like the Spaniards further south. This is made of 242 00:20:07,590 --> 00:20:14,100 Pipestone. The Indians cut the stone, which they obtained in 243 00:20:14,100 --> 00:20:18,630 the quarry near what is now Pipestone, Minnesota. And then 244 00:20:18,630 --> 00:20:23,610 they trimmed it all with stone tools until it looked like this, 245 00:20:24,060 --> 00:20:28,470 polished it with beeswax. And this had a kind of a sacred 246 00:20:28,470 --> 00:20:32,910 meaning for the Indians. This came from acred ground 247 00:20:33,150 --> 00:20:36,660 pipestone. The Indians thought that had been left there by the 248 00:20:36,840 --> 00:20:42,180 great spirit, the Gitche Manitou. And pipe made out of 249 00:20:42,180 --> 00:20:47,070 this was considered to be a symbol of peace and a spiritual 250 00:20:47,070 --> 00:20:52,440 symbol to a religious symbol. So this proved to be very valuable 251 00:20:52,440 --> 00:20:56,970 to Marquette and Joliet it was a very important gift. Marquette, 252 00:20:56,970 --> 00:21:01,350 on the other hand, presented the chief with a cross like this. 253 00:21:02,160 --> 00:21:07,740 This is the type of cross that is worn in the cincture of a 254 00:21:07,740 --> 00:21:14,460 priests habit. See, it's a, it's a wooden cross with a corpus or 255 00:21:14,460 --> 00:21:18,630 the body of Christ on it. And then this is carried in a 256 00:21:18,630 --> 00:21:22,830 ribbon, carried on a ribbon around the neck, goes through 257 00:21:22,830 --> 00:21:26,820 this ring, here you see. Marquette presented the chief 258 00:21:26,820 --> 00:21:30,090 with one of these. And this is the type of thing and is carried 259 00:21:30,090 --> 00:21:35,910 in the belt like that. And this was also a symbol of peace, the 260 00:21:35,910 --> 00:21:36,660 Prince of Peace. 261 00:21:42,240 --> 00:21:49,530 Well, we have some of the things which were used by Indians of 262 00:21:49,530 --> 00:21:54,510 that period. If you go to the historical museum in Des Moines, 263 00:21:54,720 --> 00:22:01,320 you will see many examples of the stone axes and hammers that 264 00:22:01,320 --> 00:22:05,700 were used by the Indians. These were Illinois Indians, it was an 265 00:22:05,700 --> 00:22:10,470 Illinois tribe. And these of course, were all made out of 266 00:22:10,470 --> 00:22:16,170 stone. And were made with stone tools or elks horn, which was 267 00:22:16,170 --> 00:22:21,810 very hard. Here is another display some of the Indian 268 00:22:21,810 --> 00:22:26,250 objects that you can find in the museum in Des Moines. These 269 00:22:26,250 --> 00:22:31,140 vessels, of course, were made out of Earth, or bait, made out 270 00:22:31,140 --> 00:22:38,820 of clay, just like the mound builders made their vessels. If 271 00:22:38,820 --> 00:22:42,840 you happen to be in Muscatine, I suggest that you visit the 272 00:22:42,840 --> 00:22:50,070 museum owned by Mr. Tom Royster, R O Y S T E R. He has a great 273 00:22:50,070 --> 00:22:54,480 collection of arrowheads and stone tools that he has picked 274 00:22:54,480 --> 00:22:58,530 up around Oakville. He didn't pick up this head there. That's 275 00:22:58,530 --> 00:23:02,910 just a model. It's almost the same size as Mr. Royster's head, 276 00:23:02,910 --> 00:23:08,970 isn't it? Hair is plastered down with bear's grease. How'd you 277 00:23:08,970 --> 00:23:15,720 like to put bears grease on your hair. I don't put bear's grease 278 00:23:15,720 --> 00:23:19,500 on my hair. This isn't because I can't get any bear's grease, 279 00:23:19,890 --> 00:23:25,620 it's because I haven't got any hair. Well, you look for this 280 00:23:25,800 --> 00:23:30,120 Indian head when you visit the museum at Muscatine, the Tom 281 00:23:30,120 --> 00:23:34,290 Royster Museum. At the Royster Museum, you'll also see a glass 282 00:23:34,290 --> 00:23:37,830 case that has a skull in it like this. And Mr. Royster told me 283 00:23:37,830 --> 00:23:40,410 that when he picked up this skull, a bullet fell out of it. 284 00:23:42,450 --> 00:23:45,030 Yes, sir, there was actually a bullet inside there, which 285 00:23:45,030 --> 00:23:50,370 proves that this man was killed in an Indian battle or a battle 286 00:23:50,370 --> 00:23:54,840 with a white man. And that bullet had been in there ever 287 00:23:54,840 --> 00:23:55,680 since he fell. 288 00:23:57,180 --> 00:23:59,820 And when the skull was picked up, the bullet fell out. Here's 289 00:23:59,820 --> 00:24:04,920 the bullet. There aren't many museums in which you can see 290 00:24:04,920 --> 00:24:05,790 exhibits like that. 291 00:24:05,000 --> 00:24:16,190 Well let's review now for a moment. Most of this lesson has 292 00:24:16,190 --> 00:24:19,550 been review hasn't it boys and girls. I told you some of the 293 00:24:19,550 --> 00:24:22,250 same things that I told you last year when we were at McGregor. 294 00:24:22,970 --> 00:24:26,390 And when I told you the story about Marquette and Joliet first 295 00:24:27,230 --> 00:24:32,750 entering the Mississippi River. The difference is that today I 296 00:24:32,750 --> 00:24:39,590 told you about the first time white men set foot upon the soil 297 00:24:39,590 --> 00:24:43,760 of what is now Iowa. First white men who ever set foot upon Iowa 298 00:24:43,760 --> 00:24:49,310 soil. And remember the date of that. Marquette and Joliet 299 00:24:49,340 --> 00:24:58,610 visited the Indian village on June 25, 1673. Just eight days 300 00:24:58,610 --> 00:25:02,480 after they entered the river where are the Wisconsin flows 301 00:25:02,480 --> 00:25:06,530 into the Mississippi. And one of the important things I'd like to 302 00:25:06,530 --> 00:25:10,310 have you remember, and I told you this last year too, but some 303 00:25:10,310 --> 00:25:17,510 of you may have forgotten it, is that Marquette made this journey 304 00:25:17,510 --> 00:25:21,410 because he was a missionary. And he believed that it was his duty 305 00:25:22,070 --> 00:25:26,540 to tell the Indians about the King of Heaven, and what this 306 00:25:26,540 --> 00:25:31,130 King of Heaven could do for them. And he must have been very 307 00:25:31,130 --> 00:25:35,630 successful because the Indians invited him to come back. And he 308 00:25:35,630 --> 00:25:38,810 did come back to visit them after this journey had been 309 00:25:38,810 --> 00:25:43,940 completed. So you can think of this cross as a symbol for 310 00:25:46,160 --> 00:25:56,030 Marquette himself, a man who brought the story of Jesus to 311 00:25:56,030 --> 00:26:05,690 the Indians. A man of peace. And the important thing about this 312 00:26:05,690 --> 00:26:09,410 is that the Indians listened to him with a great deal of 313 00:26:09,500 --> 00:26:14,600 pleasure and a great deal of gratitude. This was an entirely 314 00:26:14,600 --> 00:26:19,340 different story than the story of the white man's relations 315 00:26:19,340 --> 00:26:21,890 with the Indians later on. 316 00:26:29,280 --> 00:26:33,870 This is the Cincture here, you see, and this is where Father 317 00:26:33,870 --> 00:26:36,120 Marquette carried the cross. 318 00:26:45,660 --> 00:26:49,650 So think of Father Marquette as a man who brought the story of 319 00:26:49,650 --> 00:26:55,560 the cross, the story of Christianity to the men in the 320 00:26:55,560 --> 00:26:57,480 wilderness, to the Indians. 321 00:27:03,660 --> 00:27:08,310 And I told you also that Father Marquette had presented across 322 00:27:09,150 --> 00:27:14,880 to the chief of the tribe that Marquette and Joliet visited. 323 00:27:17,040 --> 00:27:24,720 Maybe I'd better put the board this way. Now the Indian peace 324 00:27:24,720 --> 00:27:30,060 pipe looked like this, here was the bowl, and this is the part 325 00:27:30,060 --> 00:27:34,650 made out of pipestone, you remember? And there's the stem. 326 00:27:35,520 --> 00:27:41,130 Now to get an idea of what these Indians looked like and how 327 00:27:41,130 --> 00:27:45,270 happy they were about having Marquette and Joliet visit them. 328 00:27:45,930 --> 00:27:49,770 All we need to do is to enlarge upon this piece pipe a little 329 00:27:49,770 --> 00:27:50,010 bit 330 00:27:54,750 --> 00:28:11,040 like that. Know what that is? Well, we'll turn it around this 331 00:28:11,040 --> 00:28:14,460 way. And you see we have a picture of a smiling Indian. 332 00:28:15,869 --> 00:28:20,928 Later on in the history of the white man's relation with the 333 00:28:21,012 --> 00:28:25,988 Indians, there weren't so many smiling Indians. But at this 334 00:28:26,072 --> 00:28:31,300 time, they were very cordial and very happy. Now next week, we 335 00:28:31,385 --> 00:28:36,444 are going to visit Durango. Durango is another small village 336 00:28:36,529 --> 00:28:41,504 in Iowa, but it's important. We're going to learn something 337 00:28:41,588 --> 00:28:47,070 about lead mining in the early days. So until next week, goodbye. 338 00:28:55,200 --> 00:28:59,267 Today your teacher has been Herb Hake of Iowa State Teachers 339 00:28:59,334 --> 00:29:03,334 College. Landmarks in Iowa History has produced for Iowa TV 340 00:29:03,402 --> 00:29:06,859 Schooltime by WOI TV in association with Iowa State 341 00:29:06,926 --> 00:29:10,790 Teachers College. TV Schooltime is presented daily Monday 342 00:29:10,858 --> 00:29:14,722 through Friday at 10:30am by the Iowa Joint Committee for 343 00:29:14,789 --> 00:29:16,349 Educational Television.